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The Nationalbank was first established in 1818 in a building on Slotsholmen near the Stock Exchange (Børsen), which had also been the domicile of its predecessors. The Kurantbank had been domiciled in the Stock Exchange building itself, while its successor, Speciesbanken, had its own building between the Stock Exchange and the Red Building on Slotsholmen. The building was subsequently taken over by the Rigsbank.

The site and the old bank building near the Stock Exchange were sold for demolition and in 1870 the Nationalbank moved across the canal to Gammelholm, to a new, larger building designed by the architect J.D. Herholdt. Despite a later extension by the architect Martin Borch the Nationalbank required more space.

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