Microdata available within Danmarks Nationalbank
Microdata is becoming increasingly available and its merits for analytical purposes are becoming more and more apparent – especially in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008. The crisis revealed the need for this type of data, also to understand the effects and developments of tails in distributions which cannot be derived from aggregate data.
Compared to international standards the magnitude of granular research data available within Danmarks Nationalbank is very high. Danmarks Nationalbank both collects a large amount of data on the individual level of financial institutions and their counterparties and combines collected data with external registry data.
The credit register
The credit register is a quarterly register containing information on loan and credit from commercial banks and mortgage institutions in Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland. Each loan contract is characterized by more than 200 variables, e.g. who the borrower is, when the loan was taken, whether the borrower is making instalment payments and if collateral was provided. The register also contains information on the probability of the borrower defaults on the loans.
European System of Central Banks data
Danmarks Nationalbank belongs to the ESCB-European System of Central Banks, participates in research networks and data collection efforts coordinated across the ESCB, and can access for research purposes several confidential datasets available within the ESCB.
Annual balance sheet dataset on Danish households
Microdata is available at the level of individual households.
Based on registry data (mainly tax data) within Statistics Denmark and reporting of individual pension assets by the Danish financial sector, a nearly complete balance sheet of all Danish households is constructed in close cooperation between Statistics Denmark and Danmarks Nationalbank. The microdataset includes information on financial assets and liabilities (although excluding currency and unquoted shares) together with real assets (market value of real estate, vehicles, etc.). The data may be combined with e.g. the annual balance sheet data on mortgage banks' lending to Danish households, and the real estate collateral registry (from 2017) and credit registry containing data on individual loans to companies and households (from 2019).
Annual balance sheet dataset on mortgage banks' lending to Danish households
Microdata is available at the level of individual financial institutions and individual households. Data may be combined with registry data on individuals within Statistics Denmark.
The dataset is encompassing information on the borrower, collateral, interest rates, arrears, etc. Aggregate data is consistent with balance sheet statistics for the MFI sub-sector mortgage banks at the level of the individual mortgage banks.
Matched employer-employee data
Danmarks Nationalbank has access to a unique longitudinal dataset with linked employer-employee data, the Integrated Database for Labor Market Research (IDA). It is possible to merge register data with survey-based data (for example, individual responses from the Consumer Sentiment Survey).
Register data on non-financial enterprises
This dataset comprises mainly data from balancesheets and income statements. It is possible to merge the register data with survey responses as well as data on firms' banking relationships. Additional corporate balance sheet data is available to researchers through commercial providers.
Monthly statistics on interest rates of banks and mortgage banks
Microdata is available at the level of individual financial institutions. Distributional information at the level of customers related to real estate lending to be introduced from 2017.
The interest rate statistics covers interest rates of banks and mortgage banks on loans and deposits vis-à-vis households, non-financial corporations, etc. The statistics include interest rates on existing loans and deposits (outstanding amounts) as well as new lending and new deposit agreements in a given month (new business).
Monthly balance sheet statistics on the consolidated MFI sector as well as for the sub-sectors banks and mortgage banks
Microdata is available at the level of individual financial institutions.
The balance sheet statistics cover key items of the MFI balance sheets as well as transactions, revaluations and other changes in volume. The key items are specified by sector, industry, counterparty country, maturity and currency. Securities holdings and issuances and repo transactions are reported at the level of individual ISIN codes. The statistics also include a compilation of the money stock and figures for the sub-sectors banks and mortgage banks.
Quarterly qualitative survey on the largest banks' and mortgage banks' lending to corporations and households
Microdata is available on the level on individual financial institutions.
The lending survey is carried out as a questionnaire survey, in which credit managers of the participating financial institutions state changes in credit policies and the main drivers behind these changes as well as demand for lending in the previous quarter and expected changes for the coming quarter.
Monthly statistics on Danish securities distributed by owner and securities type
Microdata is available at the level of issuer and investor.
The general statistics cover bonds, shares and investment fund shares registered with VP Securities A/S, and comprise information on portfolios and net transactions distributed by securities type, issuer and owner. In addition, the statistics contain details of Danish residents' issues abroad. Besides, the securities statistics by ISIN codes are being published monthly comprising VP-registered quoted shares and bonds as well as VP-registered investment fund shares, and containing information on the ownership share of the individual paper. Also, the statistics provide detailed information on structured bonds by ISIN codes. The monthly statistics by ISIN codes contain detailed information on Danish mortgage bonds – coupon types (fixed, floating), interest rate levels, time to maturity and refinancing information. In addition, the monthly statistics cover statistics on investors of Danish government bonds and bills as well as volume, currencies and places of issuance of Danish corporate bonds. Finally, the statistics contain return information on Danish shares as well as holders of Danish shares.
Quarterly statistics for the key items of the assets and liabilities of Danish investment funds
Microdata is available at the level of individual financial institutions. Monthly reporting is being introduced from 2018.
The statistics present the key items of the investment funds' balance sheets as well as transactions, revaluations and other changes in volume. The key items are specified by sector (including ownership), counterparty country, maturity and currency.
Monthly statistics on foreign portfolio investments distributed by sector, currency and country
Microdata is to some extent available at the level of individual financial institutions and enterprises.
The statistics comprise a specification of non-residents' investments in Danish securities and residents' investments in foreign securities, distributed by sector, currency and country.
Monthly statistics on Denmark's external financial transactions
In the framework of national accounts, financial statements of financial and non-financial enterprises are available at the level of individual enterprises.
The statistics comprise external financial transactions distributed by sector and investment type.
Quarterly financial accounts for the main sectors in the Danish economy
In the framework of financial accounts, financial statements of financial and non-financial institutional units are available at the level of individual units.
The financial accounts system is based on all available relevant statistical sources, a strict whom-to-whom system and consistent with the quarterly non-financial national accounts (published by Statistics Denmark). The statistics comply with the guidelines in Eurostat's manual on the European System of Accounts 2010 (ESA2010).
Quarterly statistics on Denmark's international investment position (external assets and liabilities) distributed by instrument and sector
Microdata is to some extent available at the level of individual financial institutions and enterprises.
The statistics include stock data for assets and liabilities, as well as balances, calculated at the end of each quarter and broken down by instrument and sector.
Quarterly statistics on Danish direct investments abroad and foreign direct investments in Denmark (flows)
Microdata is available at the level of individual enterprises.
The statistics contain quarterly flow data for direct investments broken down by equity and intercompany debt which are broken down by industry and country – see also the description of annual statistics on foreign direct investments (FDI) (stocks).
Annual statistics on Danish direct investments abroad and foreign direct investments in Denmark (stocks)
Microdata is available at the level of individual enterprises.
The statistics contain annual data for direct investments broken down by equity and intercompany debt, which again is broken down by industry and country.
Money market data
Transaction-level data on payments. Danmarks Nationalbank records the paymentsmade amongst Danish banks which maintain accounts with the central bank. This data can then be used to derive further information, e.g. about the money market (by inferring money market transactions from the underlying payments) and network structure.
Banking and lending statistics
Danmarks Nationalbank records quarterly data on a variety of balance sheet and income statement information for Danish banks, including detailed data for Danish banks related to regulatory requirements such as the liquidity coverage ratio and the net stable funding ratio. This data can be used, for example, to study the linkages between banks' funding and the lending choices. Beside data already available, both a real estate collateral registry (from 2017) and a credit database containing data on individual loans to companies and households (from 2019) are being developed encompassing information on borrowers, collateral, interest rates, arrears, etc. This data may be combined with a range of other microdata such as information on the borrower's income, assets, etc.
Additional information on Danish data is available from the Statistics Department.